Brinjal / egg plant :-
Scientific name = solanum melongena.
Brinjal is one of the most common tropical vegetables, grown in india.
Brinjal is different in size, shape and colour of fruits are grown in india.
Fruits are rich in vitamins and minerals like phosphorous, calcium, and iron.
Brinjal is also known for its medicinal properties, and have decholestrolizing properties.
Used for treatment of liver disease, cough due to allergy, treatment of rheumatism ( pain in joints ), treatment of colilithiosis ( gall stone ), and treatment of intestinal worms, etc.
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| Brinjal Farming |
All about brinjal farming :-
Physical properties :-
stem is spiny or non spiny with or without purple pigmentation which is deu to Anthocyanin.
Fruit shape may be long, oval, round, ovoid, cylindrical or elongated.
Fruit colour may be nearly black, purple, white, green, or variegated.
Flower biology and pollination :-
Cross pollination is due to its heteromorphic flower structure and is mainly by honey and bumble bees.
In relation to position of anthers, 4 types of flowes - heterostyly are available :-
Long Styled = stigma will above the anthers.
Medium Styled = stigma and anthers at same leve.
Short Styled = style short.
Pseudoshort styleed = style rudimentary.
Fruit set in long styled flowers range from 60% - 70% and in medium styled flowers is 12%-55%.
Short styled and pseudoshort styled flowers act as male flower and there is no fruit setting occurs.
Opening of flower and dehisence of anthers are almost simultaneously and it takes place between 6-7.30 AM during summer and is delayed up to 11AM during winter.
CLIMATE :-
Brinjal is warm season day neutral plant and is susceptible to severe frost.
A long and warm growing season with a temperature range from 21-27degree celciuse is suitable for its good production.
SOIL :-
Brinjal is a hardy crop and is cultivated under a wide range of soils.
Since a long duration crop with high yield, well drained and fertile soil is preferred for the crop.
PH required for brinjal cultivation is 5.5-6.5 ideal.
Sowing Time :-
In lains there are three season for growing brinjal :-
1. Autumn - winter Crop :- crop is sown in June and transplanted in July.
2. Spring Summer Crop :- crop is sown in early November and transplanted in January to February.
3. Rainy season crop :- seeds are sown in March to April and transplanted in April to May.
Seeds are sown in nursery bed and transplanted to main field after 4 weeks during summer and after 7 to 8 weeks during winter, when it becomes 8 to 10 cm tall.
LAND PREPARATION :-
Soil should be preparred to a fine tilth by 4 to 6 ploughings.
Proper and well maintained drainage system is essential for growth of brinjal.
Crop must be grown on raised beds/ridges during rainy season.
FERTILIZER :-
Basal :- no nitrogenous fertilizer is given.
DAP, Potash, Neem Khali, some micronutrients are given.
Mycorrhiza at the time of showing.
For more tillering use 12:61:00 or 00:52:34 .
After 45 - 60 days of transplannting flowering and fruit setting starts, then gives some fertilizers and nutrients for more tillering, small node and more flowering as follow :-
1st dose = 12:61:00
2nd dose = calcium nitrate (3rd day after 1st dose)
3rd dose = magnisium sulphate + urea (3rd day after 2nd dose)
At the time of pollination no stress occurs in the brinjal plant.
Use boron and calcium for increasing fruit setting.
IRRIGATION :-
Though brinjal can not tolerate water logging, hence no eccess water given to the field.
Timely irrigation is must especially at the time of fruit setting and development.
Irrigation required at every 3 to 4 days of interval during summer and 10 to 15 days of interval during winter .
VARIETY :-
1. Arka kusumakar = small green fruits borne in cluster of 5-7.
2. Arka Sheel = Medium long deep shining purple fruits.
3. Arka Nidhi (BWR 12) - resistent to bacterial wilt, medium long blue black glossy fruits.
4. Arka Shirish = extra long fruits with green colour.
5. Arka Neelkanth = resistant to bacterial wilt, shortpurple fruits borne in clusters of two
6. Pusa kranti = oblong, 15-20cm long dark purple fruits.
7. Pusa Purple Cluster = 10-12 cm long deep purple fruits borne in clusters tolerant to bacterial wilt.
8. DBR 8 = round dark purple fruits of 295g.
9. Pusa Purple Round = Fruits round and purple.
10. Surya (SM 6-7) = Resistant to bacterial wilt, small white elongated fruits.
11. CO1 = oblong, pale green fruits.
YIELD :-
Yield depends on climatic conditions, soil, variety and management.
Early short duration varieties = 20-30 tonn/ha
Long duration varieties = 35-40tonn/ha
WEEDING :-
2-3 light hoeing or earthing up should be done, this facilitates better aeration to root system and gives support to plants.
Hand weeding at 30 days after planting should be done.
Use of mulching papers is also used for suppresion of weeds.
USE OF GROWTH HORMONE :-
Spray of 2-4 D(2ppm) at an interval of one week from 60-70- days after planting, increases fruits setting.
PESTS OF BRINJAL :-
Whiteflies, aphids, thrips, fruit and shoot borer, jassids or leaf hopper, hadda beetle or epilachna beetle, mealybug, mites, and termites.
DISEASES OF BRINJAL :-
Bacterial wilt, fuserium wilt, phomopsis blight, little leaf, cucumber mosaic virus, and damping off are the major diseases of brinjal.
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